AST SpaceMobile

AST SpaceMobile was founded in May 2017 by Abel Avellan as AST & Science LLC. Avellan remains the chairman and chief executive officer of the company. Originally from Venezuela, Avellan is a United States citizen who previously worked for Swedish telecommunications conglomerate Ericsson.AST & Science purchased a controlling interest in NanoAvionics, a Lithuanian satellite manufacturing company, on March 6, 2018.In March 2020, AST & Science LLC announced a round of investment, led by Vodafone and Rakuten, that raised $110 million for the company. Samsung Next, American Tower, and Cisneros also participated in that Series B investment.New Providence, a special-purpose acquisition company, announced in April 2021 that its shareholders had approved a proposal to form AST SpaceMobile in a business combination with AST & Science LLC. AST SpaceMobile began to trade on the Nasdaq in the week after that announcement. New Providence had raised $230 million in its September 2019 initial public offering.AST SpaceMobile does not expect to begin generating revenue until the company launches its operational satellites. The mobile network operators with whom the company has agreements and understandings collectively serve over 1.8 billion existing subscribers.In July 2022, Nokia announced that it had won a five-year 4G and 5G deal from AST SpaceMobile.

Development

BlueWalker 1, the first satellite of AST & Science LLC, was launched on April 1, 2019 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on the PSLV-C45. Lithuanian smallsat company NanoAvionics built BlueWalker 1. As of November 2022, BlueWalker 1 maintains low Earth orbit at an altitude between approximately 417 and 476 km .In July 2021, AST SpaceMobile announced an agreement with SpaceX to launch its second satellite, BlueWalker 3, in March 2022. Later in 2021, AST SpaceMobile delayed the launch of BlueWalker 3 until summer 2022. BlueWalker 3 was successfully launched on September 10, 2022, on a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A. The 693-square-foot antenna array of BlueWalker 3 was successfully unfolded to full deployment on November 10, 2022. AST SpaceMobile expects BlueWalker 3 to have a field of view of over 300,000 square miles. As of November 2022, BlueWalker 3 maintains low Earth orbit at an altitude between approximately 508 and 527 km .In March 2022, AST SpaceMobile announced a multi-launch contract with SpaceX to launch its first BlueBird operational satellite. AST SpaceMobile states that it will be able to produce up to six BlueBird satellites per month at two manufacturing sites in Midland, Texas. The company has attributed delays in the deployment schedule of its operational satellites to supply chain issues and price increases. AST SpaceMobile stated in November 2022 that it expects to launch five Block 1 BlueBird satellites by late 2023.

Licenses

In April 2020, AST & Science LLC petitioned the Federal Communications Commission for permission to operate a constellation of 243 communications satellites in 16 orbital planes at altitudes between 725 and 740 km .In October 2020, NASA filed a letter with the FCC during the public-comment period related to this petition to express concerns about the risk of collisions between the SpaceMobile satellite constellation and the A-train satellite constellation, due to the proposed orbital altitude for SpaceMobile as well as the size and scale of the SpaceMobile project. In November 2020, NASA submitted a second letter to the FCC to revise its original stance as a result of AST SpaceMobile's demonstrated interest in collaborating with NASA to mitigate risks. In its second letter, NASA stated that technical concerns "need not preclude the issuance of the requested license" and that NASA had no concern with the license being granted. Three United States Senators and one United States Congressman also filed letters with the FCC in support of SpaceMobile.United States wireless provider AT&T has partnered with AST SpaceMobile in a joint effort to provide satellite-based wireless service to remote areas of its coverage area. AT&T has filed a letter with the FCC in support of the petition for a license to operate in the United States, while AT&T's major competitors T-Mobile and Verizon have asked the FCC to deny such a license.In May 2022, the FCC granted AST SpaceMobile an experimental license to connect to the BlueWalker 3 satellite. The FCC has neither granted nor denied a license for AST SpaceMobile's BlueBird operational satellites.

Impact on astronomy

The SpaceMobile constellation has drawn criticism for its potential contribution to light pollution in the night sky, as well as radio-frequency interference with certain telescopes that operate outside of the visible light spectrum.