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The company was founded in 1989 as Isis Pharmaceuticals by Stanley T. Crooke, a former head of research of GlaxoSmithKline, with a goal to commercialize antisense therapy.In 1992, the company received its first approval by the Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug application in 1992 for a genital warts drug candidate. The FDA approval marked the first time for the company to conduct any antisense therapy and to be tested in humans.In 1995, the genital warts drug failed in clinical trials and Isis terminated development. By that time, Gilead Sciences and Genta had left the antisense therapy field, leaving only Isis, Hybridon, and Lynx Therapeutics working in the field. Gilead sold its patents, developed around antisense, to Isis.In December 2015, Isis changed its name to Ionis, driven in part by the negative image of "Isis" generated by the terrorist group, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, commonly known as ISIL or ISIS.In 2017, the company completed the corporate spin-off of its rare lipid disorder subsidiary, Akcea Therapeutics.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionis_Pharmaceuticals
https://in.investing.com/equities/isis-pharma
https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/IONS/profile?p=IONS
https://www.comparably.com/companies/ionis-pharmaceuticals/mission
https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/ionis-pharmaceuticals
https://sec.report/CIK/0000874015
