YouTube

YouTube is a global online video-sharing platform owned by Google LLC, founded on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim, headquarters is in San Bruno, California. YouTube has grown to become the second most visited website in the world, after Google Search. The platform allows users to upload, share, and view videos, with content ranging from music videos, video clips, and news to short films, documentaries, and live streams. As of January 2024, YouTube has over 2.7 billion monthly active users who collectively watch more than one billion hours of video content daily.

The platform was purchased by Google in October 2006 for $1.65 billion. Since then, YouTube has expanded its services beyond video sharing. It offers products such as YouTube Kids, YouTube Music, YouTube Premium, YouTube Shorts, and YouTube TV. These services cater to various audiences, including children, music lovers, and television viewers. YouTube has also integrated Google AdSense to generate revenue, allowing content creators to earn money through advertisements.

YouTube is available worldwide, excluding countries where it is blocked, and supports multiple video formats and qualities, from 144p to 8K resolution. The platform primarily uses VP9 and H.264 video codecs and supports audio formats like Opus and AAC. YouTube videos can be streamed via HTML5, and the platform supports various devices, including smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs.

YouTube has implemented various policies and systems to manage copyrighted material, misinformation, and inappropriate content. The Content ID system, introduced in 2007, automatically detects copyrighted content and allows rights holders to block, monetise, or track their content on the platform. YouTube has also faced challenges with spreading misinformation, leading to policy changes aimed at reducing the visibility of harmful content.

YouTube operates in more than 100 countries with localised versions in 76 languages. The platform has faced various legal and regulatory challenges, including issues related to copyright infringement, privacy concerns, and content moderation, but continues to be a major player in the digital content industry.

YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim, who were former employees of PayPal.  The idea for YouTube came about from difficulties the founders faced in sharing videos after a dinner party, though Jawed Karim also mentioned the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and Janet Jackson's Super Bowl incident as inspirations. Initially, YouTube was intended to be a video-based dating service, but the concept evolved to accept all types of video content.

The first video, titled "Me at the Zoo," was uploaded by Jawed Karim on April 23, 2005. This video marked the beginning of what would become one of the most significant platforms on the internet. By November 2005, YouTube had gained substantial traction, with a Nike advertisement featuring footballer Ronaldinho becoming the first video to reach one million views. This early success attracted the attention of investors, and YouTube secured funding from Sequoia Capital and other investors.

On December 15, 2005, YouTube officially launched to the public, and its growth accelerated rapidly. By July 2006, the platform was receiving over 100 million video views per day, with more than 65,000 new videos being uploaded daily. This rapid growth caught the attention of Google, which acquired YouTube in October 2006 for $1.65 billion in Google stock. The acquisition allowed YouTube to benefit from Google's resources and infrastructure while maintaining its own identity.

In 2007, YouTube introduced the Partner Program, allowing content creators to monetise their videos through advertisements. This programme played a significant role in the platform’s growth by encouraging creators to produce more content.

In 2010, YouTube underwent significant changes in leadership when Chad Hurley stepped down as CEO, and Salar Kamangar took over. Under Kamangar's leadership, YouTube focused on improving user experience, leading to the introduction of features such as high-definition video support and live streaming.

In 2014, Susan Wojcicki became CEO of YouTube. During her tenure, YouTube expanded its offerings with the launch of YouTube Music and YouTube Premium (initially known as YouTube Red), services aimed at providing ad-free content and exclusive media. YouTube also introduced YouTube Kids, a platform designed specifically for children with curated content and parental controls.

The platform also saw the introduction of YouTube Shorts in 2020, a feature that allows users to create and share short videos, similar to TikTok. This move was part of YouTube’s strategy to compete with emerging social media platforms and to cater to changing user preferences.

Throughout its history, YouTube has faced challenges related to copyright infringement, content moderation, and the spread of misinformation. The introduction of the Content ID system in 2007 was a significant step in addressing copyright issues, allowing rights holders to manage their content on the platform more effectively.

In 2018, YouTube was the target of a shooting at its headquarters in San Bruno, California, which resulted in injuries but no fatalities. This incident highlighted the challenges faced by tech companies in ensuring the safety and security of their employees.

In February 2023, Neal Mohan was appointed as the new CEO of YouTube, succeeding Susan Wojcicki. Under Mohan’s leadership, YouTube continues to focus on expanding its services and improving user experience. The platform remains a subsidiary of Google LLC and continues to be one of the most visited websites globally.

As of 2024, YouTube has more than 2.7 billion monthly active users, making it one of the most influential platforms in the digital world. The company continues to innovate, expanding its offerings to include new features and services while navigating the challenges of content moderation and copyright management. YouTube's global presence and its role in shaping online video content are expected to grow even further in the coming years.

YouTube's mission is to give everyone a voice and to show them the world. The platform aims to provide a space where people can share their stories, ideas, and experiences through video content. By enabling users to upload, view, and share videos, YouTube connects individuals globally and promotes the exchange of knowledge and culture. The company is committed to fostering a diverse and inclusive environment where content creators can express themselves freely while ensuring that viewers have access to a wide range of content. YouTube also focuses on innovation, regularly introducing new features and services to enhance user experience and stay relevant in the ever-evolving digital landscape.

YouTube’s vision is to be the world’s most diverse and comprehensive platform for video content, where everyone has the opportunity to discover and share ideas, stories, and knowledge. The platform aspires to empower people from all walks of life to connect, learn, and be entertained through video. YouTube aims to continuously innovate and improve its services, ensuring that users have a safe and engaging experience. By fostering creativity and enabling free expression, YouTube seeks to make the world more connected and informed through the power of video.

YouTube offers a range of products and services designed to cater to different audiences and enhance the overall video-sharing experience. These include:

• YouTube: The main platform where users can upload, view, share, and comment on videos. Content varies widely, including music videos, educational content, vlogs, live streams, and more.
• YouTube Premium: A subscription service that offers an ad-free experience across all of YouTube. Subscribers can also download videos for offline viewing and access exclusive content, including original series and films produced by YouTube creators.
• YouTube Music: A music streaming service that provides access to millions of songs, music videos, and personalised playlists. It is available both as a free service with ads and as part of YouTube Premium for an ad-free experience.
• YouTube Kids: A version of YouTube specifically designed for children, offering a curated selection of age-appropriate content. It includes parental control features to ensure a safe viewing environment for younger audiences.
• YouTube TV: A subscription service that offers live streaming of television channels, including major networks and cable channels. It also provides on-demand content and cloud-based DVR storage for recording shows and watching them later.
• YouTube Shorts: A feature that allows users to create and share short, vertical videos, similar to TikTok. Shorts can be up to 60 seconds long and include tools for adding music and other effects.
• YouTube Live: A service that allows users to broadcast live video content to their audience. It is popular for events, gaming, and real-time interaction between content creators and viewers.
• YouTube Studio: A tool for content creators to manage their channels, including video uploads, analytics, and monetisation options. It helps creators track their performance and engage with their audience more effectively.
• YouTube Movies & TV: A service offering movies and television shows for purchase or rental. It also includes a selection of free-to-watch movies supported by ads.
• YouTube Primetime Channels: A channel store platform where users can subscribe to third-party streaming services directly through YouTube, such as Paramount+, Showtime, and more.